Of making Hawai'i into a modern nation, both Great Britain in 1843Īnd France in 1848 forcibly took over the government of the Hawaiian Years, diseases brought by the newcomers decimated the population from Made contact with Native Hawaiians in 1787. Hawai'i has had a turbulent history ever since Captain Cook
and Service to the Plantation Economy of Hawai'i.
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and Service to the Plantation Economy of Hawai'i." The Free Library.
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Click Sign in through your institution.Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.Ĭhoose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Get help with access Institutional accessĪccess to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. As war became more likely, military intelligence and the FBI-believing they had nothing to fear from the vast majority of ethnic Japanese-decided on a policy of depriving the first generation Japanese immigrants (Issei) of their leadership and of “Americanizing” the second generation (Nisei), rather than trying to incarcerate or remove the Nikkei en masse. From the 1920s on, the Army planned to use martial law to solve the “Japanese problem” in case of war with Japan. Anti-Japanese sentiment was exacerbated by labor strikes, a sensational criminal trial, and the perpetuation of Japanese language schools. Welcomed at first as cheap plantation labor, the ethnic Japanese came to be regarded as an economic, political and security threat. As tensions grew between the United States and Japan in the 1920s and 1930s, the Army became alarmed by what it regarded as the potential threat to national security posed by the “Japanese Problem”: the nearly 40 percent of Hawai`i’s population of Japanese ancestry (Nikkei), whose loyalty was unknown. The military government that took over the executive, legislative and judicial functions of the civilian government was the culmination of nearly two decades of planning by the War Department.
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